Which type of lung cells produces surfactant?

Type II pneumocytes are responsible for the production of surfactant in the lungs. Surfactant is a complex mixture of lipids and proteins that reduces surface tension in the alveoli, preventing their collapse during exhalation and aiding in lung compliance. These cells, located within the alveolar epithelium, not only produce surfactant but also play a role in the repair of the lung epithelium and host defense.

Type I pneumocytes, on the other hand, are responsible for the majority of the surface area of the alveoli and facilitate gas exchange between the air and the blood but do not produce surfactant. Macrophages are immune cells that help clear pathogens and debris from the alveoli, while endothelial cells line the blood vessels and are involved in the exchange of materials but do not contribute to surfactant production. Thus, the role and function of Type II pneumocytes are specifically tailored to the production and maintenance of surfactant, highlighting their importance in respiratory physiology.