Which cardiac condition can lead to pulmonary hypertension?

Mitral valve dysplasia can lead to pulmonary hypertension primarily due to the volume overload it causes in the left atrium and subsequently in the pulmonary circulation. In this condition, the mitral valve does not function properly, which can lead to backflow and elevated pressure in the left atrium. As the pressure in the left atrium increases, it can cause increased pressure to back up into the pulmonary veins and capillaries, resulting in pulmonary hypertension.

The chronic pressure overload in the pulmonary vasculature can lead to vascular remodeling and further elevation of pulmonary arterial pressure, contributing to the development of pulmonary hypertension over time.

In contrast, while aortic stenosis can also affect heart function, its primary effects are on the left ventricle, and the back pressure is typically more systemic rather than causing significant pulmonary hypertension directly. Tricuspid valve insufficiency and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy also influence cardiac output and pressures but do not lead to pulmonary hypertension in the same manner as seen with mitral valve dysplasia.