What are the main effects of growth hormone?

Growth hormone (GH), also known as somatotropin, plays a critical role in growth and metabolism. It primarily stimulates body growth by promoting the growth of bones and soft tissues. This effect is mainly mediated through the stimulation of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) synthesis in the liver and other tissues, which promotes cell division and growth.

In addition to stimulating growth, GH enhances protein synthesis, which is vital for muscle development and repair. This anabolic effect helps increase muscle mass and strength, contributing to overall physical performance and health.

While growth hormone also does have influences on fat metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism—such as promoting lipolysis and affecting insulin sensitivity—its central role in stimulating growth and protein synthesis is what defines its importance in the body. Thus, the option indicating its effect on stimulating body growth and protein synthesis accurately captures the primary roles of growth hormone.