Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus is most likely to lead to which electrolyte abnormalities?

Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus occurs when the kidneys do not respond properly to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), leading to an inability to concentrate urine. This results in excessive water loss through urination, which subsequently can cause hypernatremia. As water is lost and sodium is not excreted, the concentration of sodium in the bloodstream increases, leading to hypernatremia.

In addition to the elevation of sodium levels, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus generally does not cause significant changes in potassium levels in the same way it does with sodium. However, hypokalemia can develop as a secondary effect from the excessive fluid loss and ongoing renal function that often compensates in an attempt to maintain electrolyte balance.

The other choices include combinations of hyponatremia or different potassium and calcium abnormalities, which are not the primary issues associated with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The hallmark of this condition relates mainly to hypernatremia due to the inability to concentrate urine and resultant water loss, which makes the first option the most appropriate choice.